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| 586 BC |
| | | After a long siege Jerusalem is taken by Nebuchadnezzar and the city, including Solomon's Temple, is destroyed | |
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | Larache is founded as a Carthaginian colony on the Atlantic coast of Africa | |
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| 546 BC |
| | | Sardis, the capital city of the Lydian ruler Croesus, is taken by the Persians | |
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| 539 BC |
| | | A Persian army captures Babylon and brings it into the empire of Cyrus the Great | |
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| 525 BC |
| | | The Persians defeat an Egyptian army at Pelusium and then capture Memphis | |
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| 416 BC |
| | | The Athenians, capturing Melos, kill all the males of the island and sell the women and children into slavery | |
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| 409 BC |
| | | A Carthaginian army lands near Marsala to begin the long involvement of Carthage in Sicily | |
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| 396 BC |
| | | The Romans capture the nearby Etruscan town of Veii, beginning a long process of territorial expansion | |
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| 335 BC |
| | | Before departing for the east, Alexander destroys Thebes and enslaves the Thebans for rebelling against the League of Corinth | |
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| 332 BC |
| | | While in Egypt, Alexander founds Alexandria – the best known of the many towns he establishes to spread Greek culture | |
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